Green Application of Isolated Colorant from Neem Bark for Mordant-Coated Wool: Optimization of Dyeing and Mordanting for Shade Development

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing a tannin-based natural brown colorant from neem bark for dyeing wool under microwave treatment, specifically evaluating its coloring efficiency. The was extracted in methanol solution that had been acidified both before and after being subjected treatment up 6 min. variables were optimized create new shades dye with desirable fastness properties, sustainable chemical bio-mordants ranging 1 10 g/100 mL employed. Through experimentation, it determined when an unirradiated acidic methanolic extract (AME) salt concentration 3 applied onto fabric (RWF) 4 min, resulted high color yield. achieved by heating 65 °C allowing remain contact duration Favorable characteristics pre-chemical mordant 5% Fe post-chemical Fe. In contrast, utilization 7% henna as pre-bio-mordant combination 3% turmeric meta-bio-mordant favorable characteristics. concludes exhibits outstanding efficacy isolating colorants powder dyeing. Incorporating further enhanced process’s sustainability eco-friendliness.